RTSP & Streaming —
gst-rtsp-server.

→ DESCRIBE rtsp://192.168.1.10:8554/kamera RTSP/1.0
  CSeq: 1

← RTSP/1.0 200 OK
  CSeq: 1
  Content-Type: application/sdp
  Content-Length: 142

  v=0
  o=- 0 0 IN IP4 192.168.1.10
  s=GStreamer RTSP Server
  c=IN IP4 0.0.0.0
  t=0 0
  m=video 0 RTP/AVP 96
  a=rtpmap:96 H264/90000
  a=fmtp:96 packetization-mode=1; profile-level-id=42c028

→ SETUP rtsp://192.168.1.10:8554/kamera RTSP/1.0
  CSeq: 2
  Transport: RTP/AVP;unicast;client_port=4588-4589

← RTSP/1.0 200 OK
  CSeq: 2
  Session: 12345678
  Transport: RTP/AVP;unicast;client_port=4588-4589;server_port=6970-6971

→ PLAY rtsp://192.168.1.10:8554/kamera RTSP/1.0
  CSeq: 3
  Session: 12345678
  Range: npt=0.000-

← RTSP/1.0 200 OK
  CSeq: 3
  (RTP veri akışı başlar)

v=0                          # Versiyon
o=- 0 0 IN IP4 127.0.0.1    # Kaynak
s=Gömülü Kamera Stream      # Oturum adı
c=IN IP4 192.168.1.100       # Bağlantı adresi
t=0 0                        # Zaman (0=belirsiz)
m=video 5000 RTP/AVP 96      # Medya: video, port 5000, payload 96
a=rtpmap:96 H264/90000       # PT 96 → H.264, 90kHz saat
a=fmtp:96 packetization-mode=1
a=control:streamid=0

# Debian/Ubuntu
sudo apt install \
  libgstrtspserver-1.0-dev \
  gstreamer1.0-rtsp

# Yocto
IMAGE_INSTALL:append = " gst-rtsp-server"

# Derleme için pkg-config
pkg-config --libs --cflags gstreamer-rtsp-server-1.0

#include <gst/rtsp-server/rtsp-server.h>

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    GstRTSPServer      *server;
    GstRTSPMountPoints *mounts;
    GstRTSPMediaFactory *factory;
    GMainLoop          *loop;

    gst_init(&argc, &argv);

    /* Sunucu oluştur */
    server = gst_rtsp_server_new();
    g_object_set(server, "service", "8554", NULL);  /* port */

    /* Mount points */
    mounts  = gst_rtsp_server_get_mount_points(server);
    factory = gst_rtsp_media_factory_new();

    /* Pipeline string'i — ( ... ) içinde stream pipeline */
    gst_rtsp_media_factory_set_launch(factory,
        "( videotestsrc ! videoconvert ! x264enc ! rtph264pay name=pay0 pt=96 )");

    /* Tüm istemciler aynı pipeline paylaşsın */
    gst_rtsp_media_factory_set_shared(factory, TRUE);

    /* /test yoluna bağla */
    gst_rtsp_mount_points_add_factory(mounts, "/test", factory);
    g_object_unref(mounts);

    /* Sunucuyu GMainLoop'a ekle */
    gst_rtsp_server_attach(server, NULL);

    loop = g_main_loop_new(NULL, FALSE);
    g_print("RTSP sunucu hazır: rtsp://127.0.0.1:8554/test\n");
    g_main_loop_run(loop);

    return 0;
}

# Paket içindeki örnek server (test ortamı)
# Kurulum: apt install gstreamer1.0-rtsp

# Basit test server (kaynak koddan derlenmiş örnek)
test-launch "( videotestsrc ! video/x-raw,width=1280,height=720,framerate=30/1 \
               ! videoconvert ! x264enc tune=zerolatency ! rtph264pay name=pay0 pt=96 )"

# Başka terminalde test et
gst-launch-1.0 rtspsrc location=rtsp://127.0.0.1:8554/test ! \
  rtph264depay ! avdec_h264 ! videoconvert ! autovideosink

# VLC ile izle
vlc rtsp://127.0.0.1:8554/test

# ffplay ile izle (FFmpeg)
ffplay -rtsp_transport tcp rtsp://127.0.0.1:8554/test

#include <gst/rtsp-server/rtsp-server.h>

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    GstRTSPServer       *server;
    GstRTSPMountPoints  *mounts;
    GstRTSPMediaFactory *factory;
    GMainLoop           *loop;
    guint                id;

    gst_init(&argc, &argv);

    server = gst_rtsp_server_new();
    g_object_set(server, "service", "8554", NULL);
    g_object_set(server, "address", "0.0.0.0", NULL);

    mounts  = gst_rtsp_server_get_mount_points(server);
    factory = gst_rtsp_media_factory_new();

    gst_rtsp_media_factory_set_launch(factory,
        "( videotestsrc pattern=ball is-live=true ! "
        "  video/x-raw,width=1280,height=720,framerate=30/1 ! "
        "  videoconvert ! "
        "  x264enc tune=zerolatency speed-preset=ultrafast bitrate=2000 "
        "           key-int-max=30 ! "
        "  rtph264pay name=pay0 pt=96 config-interval=1 )");

    gst_rtsp_media_factory_set_shared(factory, TRUE);
    gst_rtsp_mount_points_add_factory(mounts, "/live", factory);
    g_object_unref(mounts);

    id = gst_rtsp_server_attach(server, NULL);
    if (id == 0) {
        g_printerr("Sunucu başlatılamadı.\n");
        return 1;
    }

    loop = g_main_loop_new(NULL, FALSE);
    g_print("RTSP sunucu başladı:\n");
    g_print("  rtsp://0.0.0.0:8554/live\n");
    g_print("VLC: vlc rtsp://SUNUCU_IP:8554/live\n");
    g_main_loop_run(loop);

    return 0;
}

#include <gst/rtsp-server/rtsp-server.h>

typedef struct {
    gchar *device;
    gchar *path;
    gchar *port;
    gint   width;
    gint   height;
    gint   fps;
    gint   bitrate;
} ServerConfig;

static void client_connected_cb(GstRTSPServer *server,
                                 GstRTSPClient *client,
                                 gpointer data)
{
    GstRTSPConnection *conn = gst_rtsp_client_get_connection(client);
    const GstRTSPUrl  *url  = gst_rtsp_connection_get_url(conn);
    g_print("[RTSP] İstemci bağlandı: %s\n", url ? url->host : "bilinmiyor");
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    ServerConfig cfg = {
        .device  = "/dev/video0",
        .path    = "/kamera",
        .port    = "8554",
        .width   = 1280,
        .height  = 720,
        .fps     = 30,
        .bitrate = 2000
    };

    gchar *launch_str;
    GstRTSPServer       *server;
    GstRTSPMountPoints  *mounts;
    GstRTSPMediaFactory *factory;
    GMainLoop           *loop;

    gst_init(&argc, &argv);

    launch_str = g_strdup_printf(
        "( v4l2src device=%s ! "
        "  video/x-raw,format=YUYV,width=%d,height=%d,framerate=%d/1 ! "
        "  videoconvert ! "
        "  video/x-raw,format=I420 ! "
        "  x264enc tune=zerolatency speed-preset=ultrafast "
        "          bitrate=%d key-int-max=%d ! "
        "  rtph264pay name=pay0 pt=96 config-interval=1 )",
        cfg.device, cfg.width, cfg.height, cfg.fps,
        cfg.bitrate, cfg.fps);

    server  = gst_rtsp_server_new();
    g_object_set(server, "service", cfg.port, NULL);
    g_signal_connect(server, "client-connected",
                     G_CALLBACK(client_connected_cb), NULL);

    mounts  = gst_rtsp_server_get_mount_points(server);
    factory = gst_rtsp_media_factory_new();
    gst_rtsp_media_factory_set_launch(factory, launch_str);
    gst_rtsp_media_factory_set_shared(factory, TRUE);
    gst_rtsp_mount_points_add_factory(mounts, cfg.path, factory);
    g_object_unref(mounts);
    g_free(launch_str);

    gst_rtsp_server_attach(server, NULL);

    loop = g_main_loop_new(NULL, FALSE);
    g_print("Kamera RTSP yayını başladı:\n");
    g_print("  rtsp://0.0.0.0:%s%s\n", cfg.port, cfg.path);
    g_main_loop_run(loop);
    return 0;
}

 0                   1                   2                   3
 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|V=2|P|X|  CC   |M|     PT      |       Sequence Number         |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|                           Timestamp                           |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|           Synchronization Source (SSRC) identifier           |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

# rtph264pay önemli parametreler
gst-launch-1.0 \
  videotestsrc ! videoconvert ! x264enc ! \
  rtph264pay \
    pt=96 \
    config-interval=1 \        # Her I-frame'de SPS/PPS gönder
    mtu=1400 \                 # Maksimum paket boyutu (MTU-28)
    aggregate-mode=zero-latency ! \
  udpsink host=192.168.1.100 port=5000

# Alıcı tarafında paket istatistikleri (tcpdump)
tcpdump -i eth0 udp port 5000 -v | head -50

# rtpbin: RTP session yönetimi, RTCP destekli
# Gönderici taraf
gst-launch-1.0 \
  videotestsrc ! videoconvert ! x264enc ! rtph264pay pt=96 ! \
  rtpbin name=rtpbin \
  rtpbin.send_rtp_src_0 ! \
    udpsink host=192.168.1.100 port=5000 \
  rtpbin.send_rtcp_src_0 ! \
    udpsink host=192.168.1.100 port=5001 sync=false async=false \
  udpsrc port=5002 ! rtpbin.recv_rtcp_sink_0

# Alıcı taraf
gst-launch-1.0 \
  udpsrc port=5000 caps="application/x-rtp,payload=96" ! \
  rtpbin name=rtpbin \
  rtpbin.recv_rtp_sink_0 ! \
    rtph264depay ! avdec_h264 ! videoconvert ! autovideosink \
  udpsrc port=5001 ! rtpbin.recv_rtcp_sink_0 \
  rtpbin.send_rtcp_src_0 ! \
    udpsink host=192.168.1.100 port=5002 sync=false async=false

# rtpbin istatistiklerini sysfs'ten oku
# GST_DEBUG ile RTCP mesajlarını izle
GST_DEBUG="rtpjitterbuffer:4,rtpsession:4" \
  gst-launch-1.0 udpsrc port=5000 ! \
  application/x-rtp,payload=96 ! \
  rtpjitterbuffer latency=200 ! \
  rtph264depay ! avdec_h264 ! autovideosink 2>&1 | grep -i jitter

#include <gst/rtsp-server/rtsp-server.h>

/* appsrc → encode → rtsp için ayrı pipeline mimarisi */
/* Bu örnekte: kamera → tee → (RTSP) + (dosya) */

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    GstElement  *pipeline, *v4l2src, *conv, *tee,
                *q1, *enc1, *mux, *fsink,
                *q2, *enc2, *pay;
    GstRTSPServer      *server;
    GstRTSPMountPoints *mounts;
    GstRTSPMediaFactory *factory;
    GMainLoop  *loop;
    GstPad *tee_src1, *tee_src2, *q1_sink, *q2_sink;

    gst_init(&argc, &argv);

    /* Kayıt pipeline'ı (kamera → dosya) */
    pipeline = gst_pipeline_new("record");
    v4l2src  = gst_element_factory_make("v4l2src",      "src");
    conv     = gst_element_factory_make("videoconvert", "conv");
    tee      = gst_element_factory_make("tee",          "tee");
    q1       = gst_element_factory_make("queue",        "q1");
    enc1     = gst_element_factory_make("x264enc",      "enc1");
    mux      = gst_element_factory_make("mp4mux",       "mux");
    fsink    = gst_element_factory_make("filesink",     "fsink");
    q2       = gst_element_factory_make("queue",        "q2");
    enc2     = gst_element_factory_make("x264enc",      "enc2");

    g_object_set(v4l2src, "device", "/dev/video0", NULL);
    g_object_set(fsink, "location", "kayit.mp4", NULL);
    g_object_set(enc1, "bitrate", 4000, "speed-preset", 4, NULL);
    g_object_set(enc2, "tune", 4 /* zerolatency */, "bitrate", 2000,
                 "speed-preset", 1 /* ultrafast */, NULL);

    gst_bin_add_many(GST_BIN(pipeline),
                     v4l2src, conv, tee,
                     q1, enc1, mux, fsink,
                     q2, enc2, NULL);

    gst_element_link_many(v4l2src, conv, tee, NULL);
    gst_element_link_many(q1, enc1, mux, fsink, NULL);
    gst_element_link(q2, enc2);

    /* tee → q1 ve tee → q2 pad bağlantıları */
    tee_src1 = gst_element_get_request_pad(tee, "src_%u");
    q1_sink  = gst_element_get_static_pad(q1, "sink");
    gst_pad_link(tee_src1, q1_sink);

    tee_src2 = gst_element_get_request_pad(tee, "src_%u");
    q2_sink  = gst_element_get_static_pad(q2, "sink");
    gst_pad_link(tee_src2, q2_sink);

    gst_element_set_state(pipeline, GST_STATE_PLAYING);

    /* RTSP sunucu enc2 çıkışını yayınlayacak — appsink/src köprüsü gerekir
     * Basit alternatif: tüm pipeline RTSP factory içinde tanımla */

    /* Basit yol: factory launch string'i kullan */
    server  = gst_rtsp_server_new();
    g_object_set(server, "service", "8554", NULL);
    mounts  = gst_rtsp_server_get_mount_points(server);
    factory = gst_rtsp_media_factory_new();
    gst_rtsp_media_factory_set_launch(factory,
        "( v4l2src device=/dev/video0 ! "
        "  video/x-raw,format=YUYV,width=1280,height=720 ! "
        "  videoconvert ! x264enc tune=zerolatency bitrate=2000 ! "
        "  rtph264pay name=pay0 pt=96 )");
    gst_rtsp_media_factory_set_shared(factory, TRUE);
    gst_rtsp_mount_points_add_factory(mounts, "/live", factory);
    g_object_unref(mounts);
    gst_rtsp_server_attach(server, NULL);

    loop = g_main_loop_new(NULL, FALSE);
    g_print("Kayıt + RTSP aktif:\n");
    g_print("  Dosya: kayit.mp4\n");
    g_print("  RTSP: rtsp://0.0.0.0:8554/live\n");
    g_main_loop_run(loop);

    gst_element_set_state(pipeline, GST_STATE_NULL);
    gst_object_unref(pipeline);
    return 0;
}

# hlssink2 ile HLS çıktısı
gst-launch-1.0 -e \
  v4l2src device=/dev/video0 ! \
  video/x-raw,format=YUYV,width=1280,height=720,framerate=30/1 ! \
  videoconvert ! \
  x264enc tune=zerolatency bitrate=2000 key-int-max=30 ! \
  h264parse ! \
  hlssink2 \
    playlist-root="http://192.168.1.10:8080" \
    playlist-location=/var/www/html/hls/stream.m3u8 \
    location=/var/www/html/hls/segment%05d.ts \
    target-duration=2 \
    playlist-length=5 \
    send-keyframe-requests=true

# Basit HTTP sunucu (segment yayını için)
cd /var/www/html/hls
python3 -m http.server 8080

# Tarayıcıda veya VLC ile izle
# http://192.168.1.10:8080/stream.m3u8

# 3 farklı kalite seviyesi: 360p, 720p, 1080p
gst-launch-1.0 -e \
  v4l2src device=/dev/video0 ! \
  video/x-raw,format=YUYV,width=1920,height=1080,framerate=30/1 ! \
  videoconvert ! tee name=t \
\
  t. ! queue ! videoscale ! video/x-raw,width=640,height=360 ! \
       x264enc bitrate=500 tune=zerolatency key-int-max=30 ! h264parse ! \
       mpegtsmux ! filesink location=/tmp/hls/360p/segment%05d.ts \
\
  t. ! queue ! videoscale ! video/x-raw,width=1280,height=720 ! \
       x264enc bitrate=2000 tune=zerolatency key-int-max=30 ! h264parse ! \
       mpegtsmux ! filesink location=/tmp/hls/720p/segment%05d.ts \
\
  t. ! queue ! x264enc bitrate=5000 tune=zerolatency key-int-max=30 ! \
       h264parse ! mpegtsmux ! filesink location=/tmp/hls/1080p/segment%05d.ts

# dashsink ile MPEG-DASH üretimi
gst-launch-1.0 -e \
  videotestsrc is-live=true ! \
  video/x-raw,width=1280,height=720,framerate=30/1 ! \
  videoconvert ! x264enc key-int-max=30 ! h264parse ! \
  dashsink \
    mpd-root-path=/var/www/html/dash \
    mpd-filename=stream.mpd \
    target-duration=2

# Kamera modülünü etkinleştir (raspi-config veya config.txt)
echo "camera_auto_detect=1" | sudo tee -a /boot/firmware/config.txt

# libcamera araçları kur
sudo apt install libcamera-apps libcamera-dev gstreamer1.0-libcamera

# Kamera doğrula
libcamera-hello --timeout 5000
rpicam-hello --timeout 5000

# V4L2 cihaz listesi
v4l2-ctl --list-devices
# bcm2835-codec-decode (platform:bcm2835-codec):
#         /dev/video10
#         /dev/video11
# unicam (platform:3f801000.csi):
#         /dev/video0   ← kamera

# libcamerasrc → hardware encode → RTSP
# RPi 4/5'te v4l2h264enc donanım encoder kullanır
gst-launch-1.0 \
  libcamerasrc ! \
  video/x-raw,width=1920,height=1080,framerate=30/1,format=NV12 ! \
  v4l2h264enc \
    extra-controls="controls,repeat_sequence_header=1,h264_profile=4" ! \
  video/x-h264,level=\(string\)4 ! \
  h264parse ! \
  rtph264pay config-interval=1 pt=96 ! \
  udpsink host=0.0.0.0 port=5000 auto-multicast=true

# Daha basit: test-launch ile (gst-rtsp-server example)
test-launch \
  "( libcamerasrc ! video/x-raw,width=1280,height=720,framerate=30/1 ! \
     videoconvert ! x264enc tune=zerolatency bitrate=2000 ! \
     rtph264pay name=pay0 pt=96 )"

# Yöntem 1: dijital saat veya kronometreyi kameraya tut
# VLC ekranı yanında gerçek süreç ekranı karşılaştırılır (görsel)

# Yöntem 2: GStreamer probe ile timestamp farkı

GST_DEBUG="GST_PERFORMANCE:4" gst-launch-1.0 \
  rtspsrc location=rtsp://127.0.0.1:8554/live latency=50 ! \
  rtph264depay ! h264parse ! avdec_h264 ! \
  fpsdisplaysink sync=false 2>&1 | grep latency

# Yöntem 3: Pipeline latency profil
gst-launch-1.0 \
  libcamerasrc ! \
  video/x-raw,width=1280,height=720,framerate=30/1 ! \
  videoconvert ! \
  x264enc tune=zerolatency ! \
  rtph264pay ! \
  udpsink host=127.0.0.1 port=5000 &

gst-launch-1.0 \
  udpsrc port=5000 ! \
  application/x-rtp,encoding-name=H264 ! \
  rtph264depay ! h264parse ! \
  avdec_h264 ! \
  videoconvert ! \
  fpsdisplaysink sync=false text-overlay=true